Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Introduction

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) refers to a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information and can be read from several feet away, making RFID an efficient and practical solution for numerous applications.

Detailed Definition

RFID technology consists of two main components:

1. RFID Tag (or Transponder): A small electronic device that contains a chip and an antenna. The chip stores identifying information about the tagged object.
2. RFID Reader (or Interrogator): A device that emits radio waves and receives signals back from the RFID tag. The reader processes the information and communicates it to a computer system for further action.

Examples

• Retail: RFID tags are often used in retail to manage inventory and streamline checkout processes. The tags allow for quick scanning of multiple items at once, reducing the time customers spend at the checkout.
• Libraries: Libraries use RFID tags to track books, manage checkouts, and keep an accurate inventory.
• Identification: RFID chips can be embedded in ID cards, passports, and access cards to secure entry to buildings, authenticate users, and monitor time and attendance.
• Pet Tracking: RFID chips are commonly implanted under the skin of pets, enabling veterinarians and shelters to return lost animals to their owners.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does RFID differ from barcodes?

RFID tags can be read without line-of-sight, unlike barcodes which require a direct visual scan. RFID can also contain significantly more information.

What is the read range of RFID?

The read range of RFID depends on the type of tag and reader. Passive RFID typically has a range of up to 30 feet, while active RFID can be read from much greater distances.

Are RFID tags reusable?

Yes, RFID tags can be reused, particularly the ones designed for durability and multiple read/write cycles.

What are passive and active RFID tags?

Passive RFID tags do not have an internal power source and are powered by the reader’s signal. Active RFID tags have an internal battery and can transmit signals independently of the reader.

Related Terms

• NFC (Near Field Communication): A subset of RFID, typically with a shorter read range (up to 4 centimeters), used in contactless payment systems.
• IoT (Internet of Things): The network of physical objects embedded with sensors and software to connect and exchange data, which can often use RFID technology.
• Barcode Technology: A system that uses visual symbols (barcodes) to encode information, typically requiring line-of-sight for reading.

Online References

• RFID Journal
• Wikipedia on RFID
• GS1 US: RFID

Suggested Books for Further Studies

• “RFID for Dummies” by Patrick J. Sweeney II
• “RFID Technology and Applications” by Stephen B. Miles, Sanjay E. Sarma, and John R. Williams
• “RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and Near-Field Communication” by Klaus Finkenzeller

Fundamentals of RFID: Technology Basics Quiz