Systematic Sampling

### What is the first step in conducting systematic sampling? - [x] Randomly selecting a starting point within the first k elements. - [ ] Selecting every second element in the population. - [ ] Dividing the population by clusters. - [ ] Using convenience sampling methods. > **Explanation:** The systematic sampling process starts by randomly selecting a starting point within the first k elements (where k is the sampling interval). This ensures that the selection process is unbiased initially. ### How do you determine the sampling interval \\( k \\)? - [ ] By guessing based on population size. - [x] By dividing the population size (N) by the desired sample size (n). - [ ] By using the standard deviation of the population. - [ ] By conducting preliminary research. > **Explanation:** The sampling interval \\( k \\) is calculated by dividing the population size (N) by the desired sample size (n). This ensures a consistent and systematic approach to sampling. ### In systematic sampling, what may cause potential bias? - [ ] Using a large sample size. - [x] Hidden periodic traits within the population. - [ ] Using random starting points. - [ ] Large differences within population elements. > **Explanation:** If the population has hidden periodic traits that align with the sampling interval, it may introduce bias, as the systematic method might consistently pick similar types of elements. ### How is systematic sampling different from simple random sampling? - [ ] It requires more complex randomization methods. - [ ] The population is divided into strata first. - [x] It uses an ordered list and a fixed sampling interval after an initial random start. - [ ] It selects entire clusters rather than individual elements. > **Explanation:** Unlike simple random sampling which involves selecting any sample at random, systematic sampling uses an ordered list and fixed intervals after an initial random start. ### Why might systematic sampling be preferred in field surveys? - [ ] It involves less manpower. - [x] It's simple to implement and can ensure evenly distributed samples. - [ ] It eliminates all possible biases. - [ ] It requires less data analysis. > **Explanation:** Systematic sampling is often preferred in field surveys because it's simple, straightforward, and effectively distributes samples evenly across the population. ### What is an essential condition for systematic sampling? - [ ] The population must be divided into clusters. - [ ] The population must be heterogeneous. - [x] The population should ideally be homogeneous with no periodic ordering patterns. - [ ] The population must be small. > **Explanation:** Systematic sampling works best when the population is homogeneous and free of periodic ordering patterns to avoid biases. ### What example demonstrates systematic sampling? - [ ] Choosing 10 people from a crowd randomly. - [x] Surveying every 10th house on a street after a random start. - [ ] Using a random number generator for selection. - [ ] Collecting data based on accessibility. > **Explanation:** Surveying every 10th house on a street after an initial random start is a prime example of systematic sampling. ### What's the main advantage of systematic sampling in inventory management? - [ ] It's the fastest method of sampling. - [x] It ensures periodic and systematic checking, reducing the risk of oversight. - [ ] It requires minimal calculation. - [ ] It introduces random errors easily. > **Explanation:** In inventory management, systematic sampling ensures that the sampling is periodic and systematic, which helps in reducing the risk of oversight or bias. ### Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of systematic sampling? - [ ] Achieving a consistent interval between samples. - [ ] Starting with a randomly chosen first element. - [ ] Selecting every nth element from the ordered population. - [x] Ensuring entirely random element selection. > **Explanation:** Systematic sampling does not involve entirely random element selection after the first element; it uses a fixed interval for subsequent selections. ### Is systematic sampling suitable for populations with cyclical patterns? - [ ] Yes, it neutralizes cyclical patterns effectively. - [x] No, it may introduce substantial bias if the cycle aligns with the sampling interval. - [ ] Yes, if adjusted with differential intervals. - [ ] It depends on the initial starting point. > **Explanation:** Systematic sampling is not suitable for populations with cyclical patterns as it can introduce substantial bias if the cycle aligns with the sampling interval.