The Z-Score is a multivariate formula developed by Edward I. Altman in 1968 that measures the likelihood of business failure using multiple discriminant analysis. The UK variant was introduced by Richard J. Taffler in 1983.
A zero coupon bond is issued at a discount and matures at its face value, paying no interest during its life. It is a deep discount bond and offers a unique investment opportunity.
Zero economic growth occurs when the national income of a country neither grows nor falls. Some groups advocate for zero economic growth as a solution to problems like pollution and resource depletion.
A strategic inventory management approach emphasizing minimal stock levels to cut costs and enhance organizational efficiency. Known for its potential to significantly boost profitability.
Zero Population Growth refers to a condition where the number of people in a specified population neither grows nor declines, effectively resulting in a steadiness of population size. This is achieved when the number of births plus immigration equals the number of deaths plus emigration over a specific period.
A zero-base budget (ZBB) is a cash-flow budget where the manager responsible must prepare and justify all expenditures from a zero base, assuming no prior spending commitments. This method compels a thorough review of each cost element, contrasting sharply with the incremental budget, which adjusts previous budgets.
Zero-base budgeting (ZBB) is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each new period, starting from a 'zero base.' This approach contrasts with traditional budgeting, which typically only requires justification for incremental changes to the budget.
Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method where all expenses must be justified for each new period, starting from a 'zero base.' Unlike traditional budgeting, no expenses are automatically carried forward from the previous period.
Zero-rated goods and services are taxable for value-added tax (VAT) purposes but are currently subject to a tax rate of zero. In contrast to exempt supplies, VAT attributable to zero-rated supplies is allowable for input tax credit.
A zero-sum game is an economic and strategic situation in which the sum of the gains and losses of all participants equals zero. In such scenarios, whatever one party gains is exactly balanced by the losses of the other parties.
A ZIP Code is a five-digit numerical code defined by the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) to simplify and expedite mail distribution. The United States is divided into 10 large geographical areas, with the first ZIP code digit 0 in the northeast and 9 in the west. The second and third digits are used to divide states, while the fourth and fifth digits represent local delivery areas.
ZIP+4 codes provide a more precise means of mail delivery by appending four additional digits to the standard five-digit ZIP code. This enhancement supports greater efficiency and accuracy for business mailers.
A zombie company is a business that continues to operate despite being insolvent or bankrupt, often propped up by banks or investors even though it does not generate sufficient revenue to service its debts.
The physical area within which injuries to an employee are compensable by workers' compensation laws. It denotes the place of employment and surrounding areas, including the means of entrance and exit, that are under control of the employer.
Zoning is a legislative action, often at the municipal level, that divides municipalities into districts to regulate the use of private property and the construction of buildings within these established zones. Zoning is part of the state's police power and must further the health, morals, safety, or general welfare of the community.
A zoning map is a vital tool in urban planning and real estate management that depicts the zoning designations of different areas within a local jurisdiction. These maps guide property owners, developers, and policymakers in understanding the permissible land uses and coordinating development activities.
A zoning ordinance is a regulation enacted by city, county, or other local authorities to specify the types of land uses allowed in specific areas. These ordinances ensure orderly development and separate conflicting land uses.
