A directory is an area on a disk where files are stored, which may also contain subdivisions known as subdirectories. Modern operating systems like Microsoft Windows and macOS refer to directories as 'folders'.
Hibernation is a process where a computer suspends its operations by copying the contents of its memory (RAM) to a disk file, allowing the system to be powered off completely and later powered back on, resuming from the same state without rebooting.
The process in which new computer data replaces or modifies the data at a disk location that was previously occupied by other data. This occurs when new files with the same name are saved over existing ones.
