A downturn refers to the shift of an economic or stock market cycle from rising to falling, indicating a move from expansion to recession or from a bull market to a bear market.
Forward Integration is a business strategy that involves a company expanding its operations to include control over its direct distribution or supply chain. This often means moving closer to the consumer by acquiring or establishing its retail outlets.
Overheating refers to an economic condition where rapid expansion leads to excessive inflation. It arises when demand outstrips supply, often causing price levels to increase.
The Pigou Effect refers to the stimulus in economic activities that arise due to changes in the real value of money balances directly impacting consumption levels. It was first demonstrated in 1943 by A. C. Pigou of Cambridge University.
An upswing refers to a period characterized by an improvement or acceleration in economic growth, also known as an economic expansion. This phase typically features increased economic activity, rising GDP, higher employment rates, and often improvements in consumer and business confidence.
