In the USA, Blue-Sky Laws provide for state regulation and supervision of issuing investment securities within that state. They cover broker licensing and the registration of new issues to protect investors from fraudulent activities.
The Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) designation is a globally recognized credential awarded to professionals specializing in fraud prevention, detection, and deterrence, conferred by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE).
A check protector is a machine that prints checks in a manner that makes it difficult to alter. It elevates the written amount to create many small bumps on otherwise smooth paper, thereby enhancing check security and reducing the risk of fraud.
Internal control encompasses measures that an organization implements to reduce opportunities for fraud or misfeasance. Examples include requiring multiple signatures on documents, enhancing security for stock handling, task division, maintaining control accounts, using special passwords, and handling computer files securely. It is crucial for internal audits to ensure the effectiveness of these controls to instill confidence in external auditors and management regarding the integrity of the organization’s operations.
The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 requires all investment advisers to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and is designed to protect the public from fraud or misrepresentation by investment advisers.
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a landmark piece of legislation that governs the securities markets in the United States. Enacted on June 6, 1934, this act was designed to regulate and oversee the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) to ensure fairness and transparency in financial markets. The act explicitly outlaws misrepresentation, fraud, manipulation, and other abusive practices related to the issuance and trading of securities. To enforce the provisions of both the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the legislation established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Segregation of duties (SoD) is an internal control concept designed to prevent error and fraud by ensuring that no single individual has control over all aspects of a critical transaction or operation.
