Ability to pay refers to a financial criterion used in various contexts such as finance, taxation, industrial relations, municipal bonds, and public policy. It represents the capacity of an individual or entity to meet financial obligations based on their income or economic status.
Conciliation is a process used in labor disputes where a neutral third party attempts to bring together management and labor to discuss and resolve their differences. The goal is to reconcile the disputing parties through facilitated discussion and negotiation.
A horizontal union is a type of labor union that represents all workers in a particular craft or skill across an entire industry, region, or country, irrespective of the specific workplace.
Industrial relations encompass the dealings and interactions of a company with its employees, labor unions, and governmental institutions, with a focus on promoting partnership, cooperation, and negotiated conflict resolution.
A labor union is an association of workers formed to negotiate collectively with employers over wages, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of employment.
A lockout is a management action that prevents employees from performing work in the organization until a labor settlement is reached, physically barring them from entering the workplace.
Multiemployer bargaining, also known as association bargaining, refers to an arrangement where an association of employers in the same industry negotiates with labor unions as a collective entity.
A National Union is a complex organizational structure consisting of workers from various sectors within a country's economy, aimed at negotiating labor conditions and advocating for the rights of its members.
Individuals who work for an employer while a strike condition exists. The term, used by union members, is applied to nonunion and union members who cross a union picket line to perform work for an employer.
A union member elected by their peers to represent them in dealing with management regarding grievances and other workplace issues.
A deliberate reduction of output by employees to bring economic pressure upon an employer without the costs of initiating a strike.
Speedup refers to the efforts by employers to obtain increased productivity from workers without a corresponding increase in wages. This practice is commonly seen in both industrial and corporate settings where efficiency is crucial.
An unauthorized strike, also known as a wildcat strike, occurs when employees cease work without the authorization of their union or outside the terms of the collective bargaining agreement. These types of strikes are typically spontaneous and are not sanctioned by the union leadership.
