A bear raid refers to an illegal attempt by investors to manipulate the price of a stock downward by selling large numbers of shares short. Such practices are prohibited under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules.
A cartel is a group of independent suppliers who band together to control prices and limit competition by restricting trade to their mutual benefit. This cooperation typically aims to maximize collective profits by regulating supply and prices.
An illegal practice of purchasing a security or commodity in such volume that control over its price is achieved.
Daisy chain refers to the buying and selling of the same items multiple times, often to artificially inflate trading activity. Commonly associated with stocks and shares, the term describes a practice where the same items are included in sales figures multiple times.
Market abuse encompasses various illicit activities such as insider trading, unlawful disclosures of insider information, and market manipulation. These practices are addressed under the EU's Market Abuse Directive of 2012.
Price-fixing is an illegal activity under federal antitrust laws in the United States. It occurs when competing businesses agree, collude, or conspire to set or maintain the price of a commodity or service, rather than allowing market forces to determine price. The purpose and effect of price-fixing are to manipulate prices in a way that eliminates competition and harms consumers by maintaining higher prices or controlling the supply of goods or services in interstate commerce.
An illegal scheme whereby a large stockholder hires a promoter to help publicize, or 'pump,' the stock to inflate its market price artificially. Following this, the stockholder 'dumps' their shares at the inflated price to make a profit.
A scalper is a speculator who enters into quasi-legal or illegal transactions to turn a quick and sometimes unreasonable profit by reselling items at a higher price.
Transparency in financial reporting refers to the ease of understanding financial information through the full, clear, and timely disclosure of relevant details. It enables stakeholders to make informed decisions and detect fraudulent activities or manipulations.
Unloading refers to the act of offloading or selling large quantities of an asset, typically at lower than market prices, generally to raise cash quickly or influence market conditions.
