The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is a regulatory body in the UK responsible for ensuring that competition law is enforced to maintain market fairness, protect consumers, and enhance business innovation.
A controlled economy is a type of economic system where the government exerts significant control over production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, rather than relying on market forces. This model is often associated with socialist and communist economies.
A Daily Trading Limit is the maximum amount by which the price of a commodity or option is allowed to rise or fall in a single trading day. This mechanism is used to curb excessive volatility and protect investors.
Fair competition refers to business practices that adhere to regulations and ethical standards, ensuring a level playing field for all market participants.
The International Capital Market Association (ICMA) promotes efficient capital markets, resulting in stable market conditions and global economic growth. It sets standards and provides extensive sectoral expertise to industry professionals.
Intervention in economics refers to government economic activity with the objective of influencing economic growth, controlling inflation, impacting the composition of the economy's output, and more.
A level playing field is a concept wherein government policies are designed to reduce disparities between different sectors of the economy or between domestic and international competitors. The objective is to create a fair competitive environment where no particular group or entity has an undue advantage over others.
A listed option refers to a put or call option that has been authorized for trading on an exchange, also known as an exchange-traded option. These options feature standardized terms and are regulated by a governing body, ensuring fair and transparent trading.
The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) is an EU directive that aims to increase competition and enhance investor protection by providing a comprehensive regulatory regime for financial services and markets throughout the European Economic Area. MiFID superseded the Investment Services Directive (ISD) in November 2007.
Information (usually unpublished) about a company that is likely to cause its share prices to move. It is often critical and confidential, impacting investor decisions and market valuation.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency empowered to regulate and supervise the selling of securities, prevent unfair practices on security exchanges and over-the-counter markets, and maintain a fair and orderly market for investors.
A trading halt is a temporary suspension of trading for a particular security, typically imposed by a regulatory authority to ensure fair trading and to allow the dissemination of important information.
In economic terms, to unfreeze means to remove restrictions, often related to price controls or import/export bans, allowing for market adjustments based on supply and demand.
