Public Company

Authorized Minimum Share Capital
In the UK, the statutory minimum of £50,000 for the share capital of a public company. There is no minimum share capital for private companies.
Certificate to Commence Business
A Certificate to Commence Business is a document issued by the Registrar of Companies to a public company upon incorporation, certifying that the nominal value of the company's share capital is at least equal to the authorized minimum. This certificate allows the company to start conducting business and exercising its borrowing powers.
Common Stock
In the USA, the equivalent of the ordinary shares in a public company or privately held firm that give the holders voting and dividend rights. Common stock holders are paid after bondholders and the holders of preferred stock in the event of corporate bankruptcy.
Forfeited Share
A partly paid share in a company that the shareholder must forfeit due to failure to pay a subsequent or final payment. Such shares must either be sold or canceled by a public company, whereas a private company is not regulated in this respect.
Going Public
The process in the securities industry where a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time. This transition involves the shift of company ownership from a few private shareholders to a broader base of public shareholders and brings the company under the regulatory and legal requirements applicable to public companies.
Initial Public Offering (IPO)
An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a corporation's first sale of stock to the public. This event marks a pivotal moment for a company, transforming it from a private entity to a publicly traded company.
Public Limited Company (PLC)
A company registered under the Companies Act as a public company, authorized to offer shares and securities to the public. A PLC has stricter regulatory requirements compared to private companies.
Registered Company
A registered company is a formal business entity that has been incorporated in England, Wales, or Scotland through a registration process with the Registrar of Companies. It can be a limited or unlimited company and may operate as either a private or public entity.
Reverse Takeover
A Reverse Takeover (RTO) involves a private company purchasing control of a publicly-traded company, often as a cost-effective means to obtain a stock exchange listing.
SLM Corporation (Sallie Mae)
SLM Corporation, commonly known as Sallie Mae, is a publicly traded U.S. corporation that provides student loans and other education services.
Sponsor in Financial Markets
A sponsor in financial markets plays a crucial role in the flotation of a company, acting as a guiding entity through the complex process of going public. They supervise the preparation of the prospectus and ensure the company comprehends the benefits and obligations associated with public listing.

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