A deficiency letter is a written notice from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to a prospective issuer of securities, indicating that the preliminary prospectus needs revision or expansion. Addressing deficiency letters promptly is crucial to avoid prolonging the registration period.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a self-regulatory organization (SRO) and the largest nongovernmental regulator of securities firms in the United States. Created in July 2007 by the consolidation of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) and the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration functions of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
Established in 1983, the International Organization for Securities Commissions (IOSCO) is an influential body dedicated to setting international standards for the regulation of global securities and futures markets. Based in Madrid, IOSCO promotes the adoption of internationally-agreed accounting standards, facilitating multinational share offerings.
The Investment Services Directive (ISD) of 1993 provided a regulatory framework for securities dealing within the European Union. It established that securities firms admitted by their domestic regulator could operate throughout Europe. From 2007, the ISD was superseded by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), which further consolidated the single market for financial services.
IOSCO is an international cooperative of securities regulatory agencies and organizations. It functions to develop, implement, and promote adherence to internationally recognized standards for securities regulation.
The National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) was a self-regulatory organization of the securities industry responsible for the regulation and oversight of broker-dealers in the United States.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency empowered to regulate and supervise the selling of securities, prevent unfair practices on security exchanges and over-the-counter markets, and maintain a fair and orderly market for investors.
The SEC is a key regulatory body in the United States that enforces securities laws to protect investors and ensure fair and efficient markets.
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a landmark piece of legislation that governs the securities markets in the United States. Enacted on June 6, 1934, this act was designed to regulate and oversee the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) to ensure fairness and transparency in financial markets. The act explicitly outlaws misrepresentation, fraud, manipulation, and other abusive practices related to the issuance and trading of securities. To enforce the provisions of both the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the legislation established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
