A holder of record is the owner of a company's securities as recorded on the books of the issuing company or its transfer agent as of a particular date.
Overissue refers to the issuance of shares of capital stock in excess of the number authorized by a corporation’s charter. Preventing overissue is the function of a corporation's registrar, usually a bank acting as an agent, which works closely with the transfer agent.
A stock-transfer agent acts as a third-party intermediary to manage and maintain a company’s records of its shareholders, executing various tasks such as managing securities transfers, handling lost certificates, and distributing dividends.
A transfer agent is an individual or firm responsible for maintaining records of a corporation’s shareholders, including names, addresses, and the number of shares owned. They handle the issuance and cancellation of stock certificates when shares are bought or sold.
